Glutathione
GSH — Master Antioxidant Tripeptide
What is Glutathione?
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in the human body — a tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) present in virtually every cell. It neutralizes free radicals, regenerates vitamins C and E, supports detoxification in the liver, and regulates immune function. Glutathione levels decline with age, chronic illness, poor diet, and environmental toxin exposure. Injectable glutathione bypasses the poor oral bioavailability of oral glutathione supplements.
Glutathione neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the GSH/GSSG redox cycle, with glutathione peroxidase and reductase enzymes recycling oxidized glutathione (GSSG) back to reduced form (GSH). In the liver, GSH conjugates toxins for excretion via the glutathione S-transferase system. It also directly modulates immune cell function and supports mitochondrial integrity. Injectable delivery bypasses the gut where oral glutathione is largely degraded before absorption.
Research Evidence
IV glutathione is established in clinical hepatology for liver protection in acetaminophen overdose and other hepatotoxic conditions. Strong mechanistic basis for liver support.
IV glutathione for skin lightening is widely practiced in Asia and the Philippines. Inhibits melanin synthesis through tyrosinase inhibition. Multiple clinical studies confirm efficacy.
Community use for energy, immune support, and anti-aging is widespread. IV glutathione produces rapid NAD+-like energy effects anecdotally. Controlled longevity data is limited.
Evidence grades: Gold = RCT human data · Silver = consistent animal/human data · Bronze = limited or preliminary
Dosing Protocols
Reconstitution / Preparation
| Vial/Pack | Diluent | Concentration | Typical draw |
|---|---|---|---|
| 600 mg | 6 ml sterile water | 100 mg/ml | 200mg SubQ = 200 units |
| 1200 mg | 10 ml sterile water | 120 mg/ml | 400mg SubQ = 33 units |
Frequently Asked Questions
Why not just take oral glutathione supplements?
Oral glutathione is largely degraded in the GI tract before it can be absorbed intact. The amino acids (glutamate, cysteine, glycine) are absorbed and cells rebuild glutathione from precursors, but peak glutathione elevation is much lower than IV. Liposomal oral glutathione improves absorption but still does not match IV levels. For therapeutic glutathione elevation, injectable delivery is significantly more effective.
Can glutathione be mixed with vitamin C in the same syringe?
No — glutathione and vitamin C oxidize each other rapidly when mixed. They should be administered separately. When done IV, vitamin C is typically given first, followed by a saline flush, then glutathione. SubQ injections should be separate.
References
- [1]Schmitt B, Vicenzi M, Garrel C, Denis FM. Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205.
- [2]Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, Asawanonda P. Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:147-153.
This profile was prepared using AI-assisted research synthesis. Citations are provided where applicable — verify with primary sources before clinical application.
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